Brick-kiln



3 Sheets--Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

W. P. GRATH.

BRICK KILN. No. 455,039. Patented June 30, 1891.

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BRIGK KILN. A No. 455,039. Patented Junef), 1891.

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W. P. GRATH.

BRICK KILN. No. 455,039. l Patented June 30,1891.

UNITED STATES WALTER P. GRATH, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI.

PATENT OFETCE.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 455,039, dated June30, 1891.

Application led January 26, 1391. Serial No.73'79,020. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WALTER P. GRATH, a citizen of the United States,residing at St. Louis, in the State of Missouri, haveinvented a certainnew and useful Brick-Kiln,of which the following is such a full, clear,and exact description as will enable any one skilled in the art to whichit appertains to make and use thevsame, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

The object of my invention is to construct a brick-kiln in which theheated gases, after being introduced into the kiln, may be controlled soas to pass to any desired part of the kiln.

The invention has also for its object to introduce the heated gasesintothe kiln through a novel system of passages, whereby the said heatedgases may be introduced into the kiln at various places and theirintroduction may be suitably regulated.

The invention will be best understood by referring to the accompanyingdrawings, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal central vertical sectionof a brick-kiln made in accordance with myinvention. Fig. 2 is ahorizontal section thereof, taken at different levels. Fig. 3 is across-section on the line 3 3 of Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 4 is a section of adetail on the line 4 4 of Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a section of a detail on theline 5 5 of Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6 6 of Fig. 5, andFig. 7 is a section on the line 7 7 of Fig. 5.

The same figures of reference indicate the same parts throughout theseveral views.

The invention relates to that class of brickkilns known as down-draftkilns.

In the drawings, 10 is the dome of a downdraft kiln constructed, exceptas otherwise stated herein, in the Ordinary way.

11 are the furnaces for supplying the heated gases to the kiln throughbags 12` in the ordinary way, and 13 are ash-pits beneath the furnaces.From each of the furnaces lead passage-ways 14, 15, and 16, Fig. 2, tobags 17, preferably built of green bricks, and shown only in Fig. 3, infront of the ordinary bags 12, and which extend above the floor of thekiln, the heated gases being admitted to the bags 17 through perforatedtiles a. These bags 17 deliver the heated gases to the bricks near thevfloor of the kiln and adjoining the bags 12, which bricks in ordinarykilns often do not receive sufficient heat. Extending from the outsideofthe kiln to the passageways 15 and 16 are ducts 1S, which may beprovided with suitable dampers 19 to control 'the passage-ways 15 and16, and thereby govern the admission of heated gases to the kiln throughsaid passage-ways. FromA each of the ash-pits extends a passage-way 26,which also communicates with the additionalbags 17. This passage-way 2Oaffords another means of regulating the degree of heat and volume of theheated gases delivered to the kiln. The passages leading from thefurnace and the ashpit may be provided with suitable plugs or dampers21, whereby they may be wholly or partially opened or closed to regulatethe heat and volume of the gases delivered to the kiln. Preferably abovethe bags 12 are air-d ucts which may be closed by plugs 22. These plugsmay be removed or inserted in said air-ducts, so as to admit more orless air from the outside of the kiln to control the volume and heat ofthe gases delivered to the kiln. The passage-ways, bags, and dampersdescribed afford a convenient and complete means for governing theadmission of heated air to the kiln and regulating its degree ofintensity.

Below the oor of the kiln and extending from the front to about midwayof the same and at each side of the center thereof are two series offines 23 24 25, the fines of each series being separated. by animperforate wall 26. The flues 23, 24, and 25 of each series communicatewith each other. They are made by setting bricks, as 27, on thepermanent bottom of the kiln and separated from each other, and thenplacing bricks 28 end to end upon the separated bricks-27, so as tobring the level of the bricks 28 even with the top of the imperforatepartition 26. Perforated tiles 29 of the ordinary kind are now placed ontop of the bricks 28, and constitute the floor of the kiln. The outersides of the flues 23 are formed by Walls 30, which extend from end toend of the kiln. The space between the walls 30 and the bags 17 isfilled with any suitable materialand covered with tiles 3l. The flues23, 24, and 25 extend to a transverse imperforate Wall or partition 32at or roo near the center of the kiln. The bottoms of the series offlues are made gradually sloping toward the center of the kiln, as willbe seen by reference to Fig. 1. The fines 24 and 25 of each series openinto subterranean lues 33, extending to the rear of the kiln at eachside of the center thereof, the two flues 33 being separated from eachother by an mperforate central wall 34". The two series of ilues 23, 24,and 25 and the communicating flues 33, it will therefore be seen, areentirely independent of the other series of flues 23, 24, and 25 andtheir communicating flues 33. It will be understood that the fines 23communicate with the flues only through the flues 24.

Above the lines 33 and extending from the central transverse partition32 to the rear of the kiln are two series of flues 34, 35, and 3G, withsloping bottoms and separated by an imperforate partition 37, the saidseries of lues 34, 35, and 3G being similar to the series of iiues 23,24, and The fines 34, 35, and 3G are built up from the permanent bottomof the kiln and covered with perforated tiles, the same the fines 23,24, and 25, before described. The fines of each of this series of uescomm unicate with each other; but communication between the two seriesis out off by the partition 37. Each series of communicating tlues 34,35, and 3G lead into a flue 38, through which the heated gases areconveyed from the kiln.

The two flues 33 and the two flues 38 open into a common fine 39, whichpasses to a stack 40, by which the products of combustion are conveyedfrom the kiln and discharged into the atmosphere. Each of the lues 38 iscontrolled by its own damper 4l, and each of the flues 33 is controlledby its own damper 42, operated by rods 43, extending up through thelines 38.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that by suitablyoperating the dampers 41 and 42 the draft of the heated gases may becaused to pass through the front part of the kiln on one or bot-h sidesof the center or through the rear of the kiln on one or both sides. Inother words, the current of heated gases may be caused to pass througheither series of the fines 23, 24, and 25, or either series of the lines34, 35, and 3G, or through all the lues, or any of the series separatelyor conjointly in various combinations. I am thus enabled to control thepassage of the heated gases through a kiln and to make such gases takeany course desired. If upon observation it is seen that the bricks inany part of the kiln are not receiving a sufficient amount of heat orhave received too much heat, the heated gases can be controlled by thepassagefways and dampers described to pass to said or other parts of thekiln, or can be shut olf from certain parts of the kiln. The danipers 41and 42 may be wholly closed or wholly opened, or partially opened andpartially closed, so as to graduate the volume ot the heated gasespassing through any part of the kiln.

44 is a man-hole at the confluence of the fines 33, 38, and 39, in orderto permit a person to enter and clean out the flues or repair any partthereof.

So far as at present advised I am not aware that any kiln has ever beenconstructed in which heated gases can be delivered to the kiln, ashereinbefore set forth, and caused to pass through any part of the kilnat will or be graduated as desired in passing through the differentparts of the kiln.

Having fully set forth my invention, what I desire to claim and secureby Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. A downdraft brick-kiln having bags 12, of the ordinary construction,for delivering heated gases to the kiln, and provided with additionalbags 17, rising above the `floor of the kiln at the sides thereof infront of and adjacent to the aforesaid bags, furnaces beneath said bags,and passage-ways between said furnaces and bags, substantially asdescribed.

2. The combination, in a downdraft brickkiln, of a perforated floor, twoseries of com municating flues 23, 24, and 25 at the front part of saidkiln and beneath the perforated floor, two series of communicating fines34, 35, and 3G at the rear of the kiln, iues 38, into which each of thelatter series of flues enter, ues 33, leading from the first series ofcommunicating fiues and beneath the second series of flues, dampers 4land 42 for controlling the draft through said fines 38 and 33, apassage-way 30, and stack 40, through which the heated gases pass fromthe kiln to the exterior air, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and aiiixed my seal,this 22d day of January, 1891, in the presence of two subscribingwitnesses.

VAL'IER P. GRATH.

Titiiesses:

J. F. WESTON, A. C. FowLER.

IOO

